聲調
五個聲調
國語有四個聲調加上輕聲。注音把調號放在音節後面,但第一聲不標,輕聲的點則放在音節前面。這和拼音正好相反:拼音一定會標第一聲(ā),輕聲反而不標。
五個聲調一覽
| 聲調 | 注音調號 | 拼音調號 | 例字 | 聽起來如何 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First toneHigh level | (no mark) | ā | 媽ㄇㄚmāMother | High and flat, held steady like a sung note. In zhuyin the first tone is written with no mark at all. |
| Second toneRising | ˊ | á | 麻ㄇㄚˊmáHemp | Rises from mid to high, like the way an English speaker says "What?" in surprise. |
| Third toneDipping | ˇ | ǎ | 馬ㄇㄚˇmǎHorse | Dips down low and then rises again. In natural speech it usually just stays low. |
| Fourth toneFalling | ˋ | à | 罵ㄇㄚˋmàTo scold | Drops sharply from high to low, like a firm command: "Stop!" |
| Neutral toneLight | ˙ | a | 嗎˙ㄇㄚmaQuestion particle | Short, light and unstressed. Zhuyin writes the dot before the syllable; pinyin writes no mark at all. |
同一個音,五個意思
最經典的例子:同樣的 ma,用五種方式唸,就是五個不同的字。
- 媽ㄇㄚmāMother
- 麻ㄇㄚˊmáHemp
- 馬ㄇㄚˇmǎHorse
- 罵ㄇㄚˋmàTo scold
- 嗎˙ㄇㄚmaQuestion particle
注音調號和拼音調號差在哪
- 第一聲在注音不標任何符號,拼音則寫成 ā。
- 輕聲的點在注音放在音節前面(˙ㄇㄚ),拼音則完全不標(ma)。
- 注音的調號放在最後一個符號後面,而不是壓在母音上,所以底下的符號形狀不會改變。